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Meningicoccal meningitis: complications

SAD REP:
Sepsis/ Shock/ Subdural effusion
Ataxia/ Abscess (brain)
DIC/ Deafness
Retardation
Epilepsy
Paralysis
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---Richard Thompson Queens University, Belfast, NI

Phenytoin: adverse effects

PHENYTOIN:
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
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---Ram Mohan SVRR Hospital Tirupathi, India

Neuroectoderm derivatives

Neuroectoderm gives rise to:
Neurons
Neuroglia
Neurohypophysis
piNeurol (pineal) gland
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---Payam Mehranpour

Parkinsonism: drugs

SALAD:
Selegiline
Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine)
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide)
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide)
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---Dr. Harsh Sharma

Morphine: effects at mu receptor

PEAR:
Physical dependence
Euphoria
Analgesia
Respiratory depression
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---Robert Copeland Howard University College of Medicine

Alzheimer's disease: features

RONALD (Ronald Reagan, a famous victim):
Reduction of Ach
Old age
Neurofibrillary tangles
Atrophy of cerebral cortex (diffuse)
Language impairment
Dementia (MC in elderly)/ Down's syndrome
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---Dr. Harsh Sharma BJMC, Pune, India

Cerebellar damage signs

DANISH:
Dysdiadochokinesis
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia
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---Grant Wilde and Kristian Mears University of Leicester and University of Nottingham, UK

Depression: symptoms

BAD CRISES:
Behavioural change (slowing down or agitation)
Appetite change (weight loss or weight gain in the young)
Depressed look (looking down)
Concentration decrease (does not do serial 7s well)
Ruminations (constant negative thoughts, hopelessness good indicator of suicidality)
Interest (reduced interest in what is normally pleasurable)
Sleep change (insomnia or hypersomnia, sleeping early, waking up at night, waking up feeling tired)
Energy change (fatigue)
Suicide
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---Peter Loa Medical Student at Adelaide University

Cerebellar functional areas

Anatomical shape/location of cerebellar areas is a key to their function and related tract.
· Vermis = Spinocerebellar = Axial equilibrium.
Vermis: right down the axis of cerebellum, and vertically segmented like a spinal column.
· Flocculonodular lobe = Vestibulocerebellar = Ear, eye, body coordination.
Flocculonodular lobe: flares out to the edges, just like ears.
· Hemispheres of cerebellum = Cerebrocerebellar = Peripheral coordination.
Hemispheres: around periphery of cerebellum, and tract to cerebral hemispheres.

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---Neil Bratney, M1 U. Nebraska Med Ctr

Pupillary dilatation (persistent): causes

3AM:
3rd nerve palsy
Anti-muscarinic eye drops (eg to facilitate fundoscopy)
Myotonic pupil (Holmes Adie pupil): most commonly in young women, with absent/delayed reaction to light and convergence, and of no pathological significance.
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---Gajan Rajeswaran Final Year Medical Student, Imperial College School Of Medicine, London