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Calculi: types

CAlCUli:
Calcium
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid
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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Alkalosis: metabolic changes in alkalosis

"Al-K-loss, Al-Ca-loss":
There is loss of K+ (hypokalemia) and Ca++ (hypocalcemia) in state of alkalosis.
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---Ibrahim Mansoor King Edward Medical College

Bartter syndrome: inheritance

BARtter syndrome is autosomal recessive (AR).
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---Anonymous Contributor

Diuretics classification in order of site of action

"COLT Pee:"
· In their sequential site of action along the nephron:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (at the proximal tubule)
Osmotic diuretics (at the Loop of Henle)
Loop diuretics (at the ascending loop)
Thiazides (at the distal tubule)
Potassium-sparing diuretics (at the collecting tubules)
· Diuretics make patient pee like a horse, hence "Colt Pee".
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---Bruce Chou University of Illinois

APKD: signs, complications, accelerators

11 B's:
· Signs:
Bloody urine
Bilateral pain [vs. stones, which are usually unilateral pain]
Blood pressure up
Bigger kidneys
Bumps palpable
· Complications:
Berry aneurysm
Biliary cysts
Bicuspid valve [prolapse and other problems]
· Accelerators:
Boys
Blacks
Blood pressure high
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---Robert O'Connor University College Dublin

Barter's syndrome: pathogenesis, major sign

Barter: "In exchange for giving away Na+,K+,Cl-, you can drop the blood pressure".
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---Samuel Atom Baek-Kim Tuckahoe, New York

Nephrotic syndrome: hallmark findings

"Protein LEAC":
Proteinuria
Lipid up
Edema
Albumin down
Cholesterol up
· In nephrotic, the proteins leak out.
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---Anonymous Contributor

Potter syndrome: features

POTTER:
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydrominios
Twisted skin (wrinkly skin)
Twisted face (Potter facies)
Extremities defects
Renal agenesis (bilateral)
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---Dr. Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Pakistan

Dialysis: indications

AEIOU:
Acid-base problems (severe acidosis or alkalosis)
Electrolyte problems (hyperkalemia)
Intoxications
Overload, fluid
Uremic symptoms
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---Malvinder S. Parmar, MD, FRCPC, FACP Timmins & District Hospital, Timmins, ON, Canada

SIADH: diagnostic sign

Syndrome of INAPPropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone:
Increased
Na (sodium)
PP (urine)
· SIADH is characterized by increased urinary sodium.
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---Rinku Uberoi New York Hospital